Which of the following is an example of waste in Lean?

Waiting times are a well-recognized form of waste in Lean practices. Lean methodology emphasizes the elimination of any activities that do not add value to the customer. Waiting times specifically refer to any delays experienced by employees, customers, or processes while waiting for resources, information, or equipment to proceed with their tasks. These delays can lead to inefficiencies, increased lead times, and ultimately impact customer satisfaction negatively.

In contrast, increased automation can enhance efficiency and reduce manual errors, while employee training is an investment that builds skills and knowledge, ultimately beneficial for the organization. Product customization can add value and meet customer needs, which is often favorable in Lean practices. Thus, waiting times are distinctly identified as waste since they do not contribute to value creation.